7/28/2006

The economy of my Virginia trip...

Balanced equation:

2 C8H18 + 25 O2--> 16CO2 + 18H2O

According to my chemistry book 1 gal of C8H18 combust to produce 9.3 kg CO2.

Our trip to Virgina used 44 gals of gas (87 octane) so...

44 gals x .87 octane = 38. 28 gals octane x 9.3kg CO2 = 356.004 kg CO2.

This seems to make sense since 44 gallons of octane weighs about 124kg. Octane weights 5.85 lbs per gal. 5.85 x 44 gal = 257.4 lbs (116.75 kg).

So... 356 x 2 = 712 kg CO2 total produced for round trip.

7/22/2006

Trauzl

Trauzl lead block test
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Trauzl lead block test, also called Trauzl test or just Trauzl, is a test used to measure the strength of explosive materials. It was developed by Isidor Trauzl in 1885.

The test is performed by loading a 10 gram foil-wrapped sample of the explosive into a hole drilled into a lead block with specific dimensions. The hole is then filled with sand and the sample is detonated electrically. After detonation, the volume increase of the cavity is measured. The result is given in cm3 and is caled the Trauzl number of the explosive.

A variant of the test uses aluminium block.
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Brisance

Brisance
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Brisance is a measure of the rapidity with which an explosive develops its maximum pressure.

In addition to strength, explosive materials display a second characteristic, which is their shattering effect or brisance (from the French meaning to "break"), which is distinguished from their total work capacity. This characteristic is of practical importance in determining the effectiveness of an explosion in fragmenting shells, bomb casings, grenades, and the like. The rapidity with which an explosive reaches its peak pressure is a measure of its brisance. Brisance values are primarily employed in France and Russia.

A brisant explosive is one in which the maximum pressure is attained so rapidly that a shock wave is formed, and the net effect is to shatter material surrounding or in contact with it. Thus brisance is a measure of the shattering ability of an explosive.

The sand crush test is commonly employed to determine the relative brisance in comparison to TNT. No single test is capable of directly comparing the explosive properties of two or more compounds; it is important to examine the data from several such tests (sand crush, trauzl, and so forth) in order to gauge relative brisance. True values for comparison will require field experiments.

One of the most brisant conventional explosives is Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (also known as RDX).